Hindu Mythology Research Paper Example

Hindu Mythology Paper In Hindu mythology, dance is believed to have been conceived by Brahma. Brahma inspired the sage Bharata Muni to write the Natya Shastra, a treatise on performing arts, from which a codified practice of dance and drama emerged. [3] He used pathya (words) from the Rigveda, abhinaya (gestures) from the Yajurveda, geet (music) from the Samaveda and rasa (emotions) from the Atharvaveda to form the Natyaveda (body of knowledge about dance). [4]The best-known of Hindu deities—Shiva, Kali and Krishna—are typically represented dancing. 5] Shivas cosmic dance, tandava, Kalis dance of creation and destruction and Krishnas dance with the gopikas (cow-herd girls)—Rasa Lila—are popular motifs in Hindu mythology. [6] In ancient India, there were no dedicated auditorium halls or theaters, and dance was usually a functional activity dedicated to worship, entertainment or leisure. Dancers usually performed in temples, on festive occasions and seasonal harvests. Dance was performed on a regular basis before deities as a form of worship. 7] Even in modern India, deities are invoked through religious folk dance forms from ancient times. [8] Classical dance forms such asBharata Natyam use mudras or hand gestures also to retell episodes of mythological tales such as the slaying of Kaliya by Krishna. [9] Gradually dancers, particularly from South India, moved from temples to houses of royal families where they performed exclusively for royalty. [10] India offers a number of classical Indian dance forms, each of which can be traced to different parts of the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Hindu Mythology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hindu Mythology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hindu Mythology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Classical and folk dance forms also emerged from Indian traditions, epics and mythology. [11] There are many Indian folk dances such as Bhangra, Bihu, Ghumura Dance, Sambalpuri,Chhau and Garba and special dances observed in regional festivals such as Lohri[12] and Navratri. [13][14] The presentation of Indian dance styles in film, Hindi Cinema, has exposed the range of dance in India to a global audience. [1 Once Gods called a council and were surprised to find out that they had nothing to do. There was absolutely nothing to occupy their minds with or draw their attention to. They realized that they must put an end to such situation and after taking council with each other they decided to retell stories with the help of gestures and motions. So the art of dance and drama came into being. All this happened approximately in the era which is called the Golden Age or Krita Yuga in Indian mythology. No one heard anything about the art of neither dance nor drama then. The Golden Age lasted for hundreds of thousands of years and then according to cosmic laws Krita Yuga was replaced by Treta Yuga and everything in the world underwent great changes. Ideals, morals, ethics were distorted. People were unsatisfied and bored. And then Indra, after calling the council of Gods suggested that they made a request to Brahma to create such an art that would be pleasant for both eyes and ears like the most beautiful things in the world, the art for the highest castes and at the same time available even to the lowest castes which were forbidden to study Vedas. The Lord Brahma heeded their request and went into the state of meditation. In his mind he called for the four sacred Vedas, the embodiment of the eternal truths in Hinduism, and took the very essence from each of the four.

A Burlesque Biography By Mark Twain English Literature Essay Essays

A Burlesque Biography By Mark Twain English Literature Essay Essays A Burlesque Biography By Mark Twain English Literature Essay Paper A Burlesque Biography By Mark Twain English Literature Essay Paper alternatively of Higgins, is a enigma which none of us has of all time felt much desire to stir. It is a sort of vague, reasonably love affair, and we leave it entirely. All the old households do that manner. Arthour Twain was a adult male of considerable note a canvasser on the main road in William Rufus s clip. At about the age of 30 he went to one of those all right old English topographic points of resort called Newgate, to see about something, and neer returned once more. While there he died all of a sudden. Augustus Twain seems to hold made something of a splash about the twelvemonth 1160. He was as full of merriment as he could be, and used to take his old sabre and sharpen it up, and acquire in a convenient topographic point on a dark dark, and stick it through people as they went by, to see them leap. He was a born humourist. But he got to traveling excessively far with it ; and the first clip he was found depriving one of these parties, the governments removed one terminal of him, and put it up on a nice high topographic point on Temple Bar, where it could contemplate the people and have a good clip. He neer liked any state of affairs so much or stuck to it so long. Then for the following two hundred old ages the household tree shows a sequence of soldiers baronial, ebullient chaps, who ever went into conflict vocalizing, right behind the ground forces, and ever went out a-whooping, right in front of it. This is a scathing reproof to old dead Froissart s hapless humor that our household tree neer had but one limb to it, and that that one stuck out at right angles, and bore fruit winter and summer. Early on in the 15th century we have Beau Twain, called the Scholar. He wrote a beautiful, beautiful manus. And he could copy anybody s manus so closely that it was adequate to do a individual laugh his caput off to see it. He had infinite athletics with his endowment. But by and by he took a contract to interrupt rock for a route, and the raggedness of the work spoiled his manus. Still, he enjoyed life all the clip he was in the rock concern, which, with inconsiderable intervals, was some 42 old ages. In fact, he died in harness. During all those long old ages he gave such satisfaction that he neer was through with one contract a hebdomad till the authorities gave him another. He was a perfect pet. And he was ever a favourite with his fellow-artists, and was a conspicuous member of their benevolent secret society, called the Chain Gang. He ever wore his hair short, had a penchant for stripy apparels, and died lamented by the authorities. He was a sensitive loss to his state. For h e was so regular. Some old ages subsequently we have the celebrated John Morgan Twain. He came over to this state with Columbus in 1492 as a rider. He appears to hold been of a crusty, uncomfortable temperament. He complained of the nutrient all the manner over, and was ever endangering to travel ashore unless there was a alteration. He wanted fresh shad. Barely a twenty-four hours passed over his caput that he did non travel tick overing about the ship with his olfactory organ in the air, sneering about the commanding officer, and stating he did non believe Columbus cognize where he was traveling to or had of all time been there earlier. The memorable call of Land Ho! thrilled every bosom in the ship but his. He gazed for a while through a piece of smoke-cured glass at the pencilled line lying on the distant H2O, and so said: Land be hanged it s a raft! When this questionable rider came on board the ship, be brought nil with him but an old newspaper incorporating a hankie marked B. G. , one cotton sock marked L. W. C. , one woolen one marked D. F. , and a night-shirt pronounced O. M. R. And yet during the ocean trip he worried more about his bole, and gave himself more poses about it, than all the remainder of the riders put together. If the ship was down by the caput, and would non maneuver, he would travel and travel his bole farther aft, and so watch the consequence. If the ship was by the after part, he would propose to Columbus to detail some work forces to switch that luggage. In storms he had to be gagged, because his bawlings about his bole made it impossible for the work forces to hear the orders. The adult male does non look to hold been openly charged with any soberly indecent thing, but it is noted in the ship s log as a funny circumstance that albeit he brought his luggage on board the ship in a ne wspaper, he took it ashore in four short pantss, a queensware crate, and a twosome of bubbly baskets. But when he came back insinuating, in an insolent, tittuping manner, that some of this things were losing, and was traveling to seek the other riders luggage, it was excessively much, and they threw him overboard. They watched long and questioningly for him to come up, but non even a bubble rose on the softly ebbing tide. But while every one was most absorbed in staring over the side, and the involvement was momently increasing, it was observed with alarm that the vas was adrift and the anchor-cable hanging hitch from the bow. Then in the ship s dimmed and ancient log we find this quaint note: In clip it was discouvered yt ye troblesome rider hadde gone downe and got ye ground tackle, and toke ye same and solde it to ye dam sauvages from ye inside, stating yt he hadde founde it, ye sonne of a ghun! Yet this ascendant had good and baronial inherent aptitudes, and it is with pride that we call to mind the fact that he was the first white individual who of all time interested himself in the work of promoting and educating our Indians. He built a convenient gaol and set up a gallows, and to his deceasing twenty-four hours he claimed with satisfaction that he had had a more restraining and promoting influence on the Indians than any other reformist that of all time labored among them. At this point the history becomes less blunt and gabby, and stopping points suddenly by stating that the old voyager went to see his gallows execute on the first white adult male of all time hanged in America, and while at that place received hurts which terminated in his decease. The great-grandson of the Reformer flourished in 16 hundred and something, and was known in our annals as the old Admiral, though in history he had other rubrics. He was long in bid of fleets of Swift vass, good armed and manned, and did great service in travel rapidlying up bottoms. Vessels which he followed and kept his bird of Jove oculus on, ever made good just clip across the ocean. But if a ship still loitered in malice of all he could make, his outrage would turn till he could incorporate himself no longer and so he would take that ship place where he lived and maintain it at that place carefully, anticipating the proprietors to come for it, but they neer did. And he would seek to acquire the idling and sloth out of the crewmans of that ship by obliging them to take invigorating exercising and a bath. He called it walking a board. All the students liked it. At any rate, they neer found any mistake with it after seeking it. When the proprietors were late coming for their ships, the Admiral ever burned them, so that the insurance money should non be lost. At last this all right old pitch was cut down in the comprehensiveness of his old ages and awards. And to her deceasing twenty-four hours, his hapless heart-broken widow believed that if he had been cut down 15 proceedingss sooner he might hold been resuscitated. Charles Henry Twain lived during the latter portion of the 17th century, and was a avid and distinguished missionary. He converted 16 thousand South Sea island-dwellers, and taught them that a dog-tooth necklace and a brace of eyeglassess was non plenty vesture to come to divine service in. His hapless flock loved him really, really in a heartfelt way ; and when his funeral was over, they got up in a organic structure ( and came out of the eating house ) with cryings in their eyes, and stating, one to another, that he was a good stamp missionary, and they wished they had some more of him. Pah-go-to-wah-wah-pukketekeewis ( Mighty-Hunter-with-a-Hog-Eye-Twain ) adorned the center of the 18th century, and aided General Braddock with all his bosom to defy the oppressor Washington. It was this ascendant who fired 17 times at our Washington from behind a tree. So far the beautiful romantic narration in the moral story-books is right ; but when that narrative goes on to state that at the 17th unit of ammunition the awe-stricken barbarian said solemnly that that adult male was being reserved by the Great Spirit for some mighty mission, and he dared non raise his blasphemous rifle against him once more, the narrative earnestly impairs the unity of history. What he did state was: It ai nt no ( hic ) no usage. At adult male s so intoxicated he ca nt stan still long plenty for a adult male to hit him. I ( hic ) I ca nt ford to gull off any more amnition on him. That was why he stopped at the 17th unit of ammunition, and it was a good, field, prosaic ground, excessively, and one that easy commends itself to us by the eloquent, persuasive spirit of chance there is about it. I besides enjoyed the story-book narrative, but I felt a marring scruple that every Indian at Braddock s Defeat who fired at a soldier a twosome of times ( two easy grows to seventeen in a century ) , and missed him, jumped to the decision that the Great Spirit was reserving that soldier for some expansive mission ; and so I somehow feared that the lone ground why Washington s instance is remembered and the others forgotten is, that in his the prognostication came true, and in that of the others it did nt. There are non books plenty on Earth to incorporate the record of the prognostications Indians and other unauthorised parties have made ; but one may transport in his greatcoat pockets the record of all the prognostications that have been fulfilled. I will note here, in passing, that certain ascendants of mine are so exhaustively well-known in history by their assumed names, that I have non felt it to be deserving while to brood upon them, or even advert them in the order of their birth. Among these may be mentioned Richard Brinsley Twain, alias Guy Fawkes ; John Wentworth Twain, alias Sixteen-String Jack ; William Hogarth Twain, alias Jack Sheppard ; Ananias Twain, alias Baron Munchausen ; John George Twain, a.k.a. Captain Kydd ; and so there are George Francis Twain, Tom Pepper, Nebuchadnezzar, and Baalam s Ass they all belong to our household, but to a subdivision of it slightly clearly removed from the honest direct line in fact, a collateral subdivision, whose members chiefly differ from the ancient stock in that, in order to get the ill fame we have ever yearned and hungered for, they have got into a low manner of traveling to imprison alternatively of acquiring hanged. It is non good, when composing an autobiography, to follow your lineage down excessively close to your ain clip it is safest to talk merely mistily of your great-grandfather, and so skip from at that place to yourself, which I now do. I was born without dentitions and there Richard III. had the advantage of me ; but I was born without a kyphosis, likewise, and at that place I had the advantage of him. My parents were neither really hapless nor conspicuously honest. But now a idea occurs to me. My ain history would truly look so tame contrasted with that of my ascendants, that it is merely wisdom to go forth it unwritten until I am hanged. If some other lifes I have read had stopped with the lineage until a similar event occurred, it would hold been a felicitous thing for the reading populace. How does it strike you? A Child s Christmas in Wales by Dylan Thomas ( 1914-1953 ) Word Count: 3016 One Christmas was so much like another, in those old ages around the sea-town corner now and out of all sound except the distant speech production of the voices I sometimes hear a minute before slumber, that I can neer retrieve whether it snowed for six yearss and six darks when I was 12 or whether it snowed for 12 yearss and twelve darks when I was six. All the Christmases roll down toward the two-tongued sea, like a cold and hasty Moon roll uping down the sky that was our street ; and they stop at the rim of the ice-edged fish-freezing moving ridges, and I plunge my custodies in the snow and convey out whatever I can happen. In goes my manus into that wool-white bell-tongued ball of vacations resting at the rim of the carol-singing sea, and out come Mrs. Prothero and the firemen. It was on the afternoon of the Christmas Eve, and I was in Mrs. Prothero s garden, waiting for cats, with her boy Jim. It was snowing. It was ever snowing at Christmas. December, in my memory, is white as Lapland, though there were no caribous. But there were cats. Patient, cold and indurate, our custodies wrapped in socks, we waited to snowball the cats. Sleek and long as panthers and horrible-whiskered, ptyalizing and snaping, they would slink and sidle over the white back-garden walls, and the argus-eyed huntsmans, Jim and I, fur-capped and moccasined trappers from Hudson Bay, off Mumbles Road, would hurtle our deathly sweet sand verbenas at the viridity of their eyes. The wise cats neer appeared. We were so still, Eskimo-footed north-polar sharpshooters in the muffling silence of the ageless snows eternal, of all time since Wednesday that we neer heard Mrs. Prothero s first call from her iglu at the underside of the garden. Or, if we heard it at all, it was, to us, like the faraway challenge of our enemy and quarry, the neighbour s polar cat. But shortly the voice grew louder. Fire! cried Mrs. Prothero, and she beat the dinner-gong. And we ran down the garden, with the sweet sand verbenas in our weaponries, toward the house ; and smoke, so, was pouring out of the dining room, and the tam-tam was buzzing, and Mrs. Prothero was denoting ruin like a town weeper in Pompeii. This was better than all the cats in Wales standing on the wall in a row. We bounded into the house, loaded with sweet sand verbenas, and stopped at the unfastened door of the smoke-filled room. Something was firing wholly right ; possibly it was Mr. Prothero, who ever slept at that place after noon dinner with a newspaper over his face. But he was standing in the center of the room, stating, A all right Yule! and thwacking at the fume with a slipper. Name the fire brigade, cried Mrs. Prothero as she beat the tam-tam. There wo nt be at that place, said Mr. Prothero, it s Christmas. There was no fire to be seen, merely clouds of fume and Mr. Prothero standing in the center of them, beckoning his slipper as though he were carry oning. Do something, he said. And we threw all our sweet sand verbenas into the fume I think we missed Mr. Prothero and ran out of the house to the telephone box. Let s name the constabulary every bit good, Jim said. And the ambulance. And Ernie Jenkins, he likes fires. But we merely called the fire brigade, and shortly the fire engine came and three tall work forces in helmets brought a hosiery into the house and Mr. Prothero got out merely in clip before they turned it on. Cipher could hold had a noisy Christmas Eve. And when the firemen turned off the hosiery and were standing in the moisture, smoky room, Jim s Aunt, Miss. Prothero, came downstairs and peered in at them. Jim and I waited, really softly, to hear what she would state to them. She said the right thing, ever. She looked at the three tall firemen in their shining helmets, standing among the fume and clinkers and fade outing sweet sand verbenas, and she said, Would you like anything to read? Old ages and old ages ago, when I was a male child, when there were wolves in Wales, and birds the colour of red-flannel half-slips whisked past the harp-shaped hills, when we sang and wallowed all dark and twenty-four hours in caves that smelt like Sunday afternoons in moist forepart farmhouse parlours, and we chased, with the lower jaws of deacons, the English and the bears, before the motor auto, before the wheel, before the duchess-faced Equus caballus, when we rode the daft and happy hills bareback, it snowed and it snowed. But here a little male child says: It snowed last twelvemonth, excessively. I made a snowman and my brother knocked it down and I knocked my brother down and so we had tea. But that was non the same snow, I say. Our snow was non merely shaken from white wash pails down the sky, it came shawling out of the land and swam and drifted out of the weaponries and custodies and organic structures of the trees ; snow grew nightlong on the roofs of the houses like a pure and gramps moss, circumstantially ivied the walls and settled on the mailman, opening the gate, like a dumb, asleep thunder-storm of white, lacerate Christmas cards. Were there mailmans so, excessively? With scattering eyes and wind-cherried olfactory organs, on spread, frozen pess they crunched up to the doors and mittened on them manly. But all that the kids could hear was a tintinnabulation of bells. You mean that the postman went rat-tat and the doors rang? I mean that the bells the kids could hear were inside them. I merely hear boom sometimes, neer bells. There were church bells, excessively. Inside them? No, no, no, in the bat-black, snowy campaniles, tugged by bishops and storks. And they rang their newss over the bound town, over the frozen froth of the pulverization and ice-cream hills, over the crepitating sea. It seemed that all the churches boomed for joy under my window ; and the weathercocks crew for Christmas, on our fencing. Get back to the mailmans. They were merely ordinary mailmans, found of walking and Canis familiariss and Christmas and the snow. They knocked on the doors with bluish brass knuckss. . . . Ours has got a black knocker. . . . And so they stood on the white Welcome mat in the small, drifted porches and huffed and puffed, doing shades with their breath, and jogged from pes to pick like little male childs desiring to travel out. And so the nowadayss? And so the Presents, after the Christmas box. And the cold mailman, with a rose on his button-nose, tingled down the tea-tray-slithered tally of the chilly glinting hill. He went in his ice-bound boots like a adult male on fishwife s slabs. He wagged his bag like a frozen camel s bulge, giddily turned the corner on one pes, and, by God, he was gone. Get back to the Presents. There were the Useful Presents: steeping silencers of the old manager yearss, and mittens made for elephantine sloths ; zebra scarfs of a substance like satiny gum that could be tug-o-warred down to the arctics ; blinding tammies like hodgepodge tea cosies and bunny-suited bearskins and balaclavas for victims of head-shrinking folks ; from aunts who ever wore wool following to the tegument there were mustached and rasping waistcoats that made you inquire why the aunts had any skin left at all ; and one time I had a small crocheted nose bag from an aunt now, alas, no longer neighing with us. And pictureless books in which little male childs, though warned with citations non to, would skate on Farmer Giles pool and did and drowned ; and books that told me everything about the WASP, except why. Travel on the Useless Presents. Bags of moist and many-colored gelatin babes and a folded flag and a false olfactory organ and a tram-conductor s cap and a machine that punched tickets and peal a bell ; neer a slingshot ; one time, by error that no 1 could explicate, a small tomahawk ; and a synthetic duck that made, when you pressed it, a most unducklike sound, a mewing moo that an ambitious cat might do who wished to be a cow ; and a picture book in which I could do the grass, the trees, the sea and the animate beings any coloring material I pleased, and still the eye-popping azure sheep are croping in the ruddy field under the rainbow-billed and pea-green birds. Hardboileds, brittle, fudge and allsorts, crunches, cracknels, baloneies, glaciers, marchpane, and butterwelsh for the Welsh. And military personnels of bright Sn soldiers who, if they could non contend, could ever run. And Snakes-and-Families and Happy Ladders. And Easy Hobbi-Games for Little Engineers, complete with instructions. Oh, easy for Leonardo ! And a whistling to do the Canis familiariss bark to wake up the old adult male following door to do him crush on the wall with his stick to agitate our image off the wall. And a package of coffin nails: you put one in your oral cavity and you stood at the corner of the street and you waited for hours, in vain, for an old lady to call on the carpet you for smoking a coffin nail, and so with a smirk you ate it. And so it was breakfast under the balloons. Were there Uncles like in our house? There are ever Uncles at Christmas. The same Uncles. And on Christmas forenoon, with dog-disturbing whistling and sugar fairies, I would scour the swatched town for the intelligence of the small universe, and happen ever a dead bird by the Post Office or by the white abandoned swings ; possibly a redbreast, all but one of his fires out. Work force and adult females wading or lift outing back from chapel, with barroom olfactory organs and wind-bussed cheeks, all albinos, powwows their stiff black clashing plumes against the irreligious snow. Mistletoe hung from the gas brackets in all the front parlours ; there was sherry and walnuts and bottled beer and crackers by the dessertspoons ; and cats in their fur-abouts watched the fires ; and the high-heaped fire bicker, all ready for the chestnuts and the mulling fire hooks. Some few big work forces sat in the forepart parlours, without their neckbands, Uncles about surely, seeking their new cigars, keeping them out judiciously at weapon ries length, returning them to their oral cavities, coughing, so keeping them out once more as though waiting for the detonation ; and some few little aunts, non wanted in the kitchen, nor anyplace else for that affair, sat on the really border of their chairs, poised and brickle, afraid to interrupt, like faded cups and disks. Not many those forenoons trod the stacking streets: an old adult male ever, fawn-bowlered, yellow-gloved and, at this clip of twelvemonth, with bickers of snow, would take his constitutional to the white bowling viridity and back, as he would take it wet or fire on Christmas Day or Doomsday ; sometimes two whole immature work forces, with large pipes blazing, no greatcoats and weave blown scarfs, would slog, unspeaking, down to the forlorn sea, to work up an appetency, to blow away the exhausts, who knows, to walk into the moving ridges until nil of them was left but the two roll uping smoke clouds of their inextinguishable sweetbriers. Then I would be slap-dashing place, the gravy odor of the dinners of others, the bird odor, the brandy, the pudding and mince, gyrating up to my anterior nariss, when out of a snow-clogged side lane would come a male child the tongue of myself, with a pink-tipped coffin nail and the violet yesteryear of a black oculus, cocky as a Bullfinch, leering al l to himself. I hated him on sight and sound, and would be about to set my Canis familiaris whistling to my lips and blow him off the face of Christmas when all of a sudden he, with a violet blink of an eye, put his whistling to his lips and blew so stridently, so high, so finely loud, that bolting faces, their cheeks bulged with goose, would press against their tinsled Windowss, the whole length of the white echoing street. For dinner we had Meleagris gallopavo and blazing pudding, and after dinner the Uncles sat in forepart of the fire, loosened all buttons, put their big moist custodies over their ticker ironss, groaned a small and slept. Mothers, aunts and sisters scuttled to and fro, bearing tureens. Auntie Bessie, who had already been frightened, twice, by a clock-work mouse, whimpered at the sideboard and had some elderberry vino. The Canis familiaris was ill. Auntie Dosie had to hold three acetylsalicylic acids, but Auntie Hannah, who liked port, stood in the center of the snowbound back y ard, singing like a big-bosomed thrush. I would blow up balloons to see how large they would blow up to ; and, when they burst, which they all did, the Uncles jumped and rumbled. In the rich and heavy afternoon, the Uncles external respiration like mahimahis and the snow descending, I would sit among festoons and Chinese lanterns and nibble day of the months and seek to do a theoretical account man-o-war, following the Instructions for Little Engineers, and bring forth what might be mistaken for a sea-going tramcar. Or I would travel out, my bright new boots whining, into the white universe, on to the seaward hill, to name on Jim and Dan and Jack and to embroider through the still streets, go forthing immense footmarks on the concealed pavings. I bet people will believe there s been hippos. What would you make if you saw a Hippo coming down our street? I d travel like this, knock! I d throw him over the railings and axial rotation him down the hill and so I d titillate him under the ear and he d wag his tail. What would you make if you saw two Hippo? Iron-flanked and bawling he-hippos clanked and battered through the scudding snow toward us as we passed Mr. Daniel s house. Let s post Mr. Daniel a snow-ball through his missive box. Let s write things in the snow. Let s write, Mr. Daniel looks like a spaniel all over his lawn. Or we walked on the white shore. Can the fishes see it s snowing? The soundless one-clouded celestial spheres drifted on to the sea. Now we were snow-blind travellers lost on the north hills, and huge dewlapped Canis familiariss, with flasks round their cervixs, ambled and shambled up to us, baying Excelsior. We returned home through the hapless streets where merely a few kids fumbled with bare ruddy fingers in the wheel-rutted snow and cat-called after us, their voices melting off, as we trudged acclivitous, into the calls of the dock birds and the hooting of ships out in the gyration bay. And so, at tea the cured Uncles would be reasonably ; and the ice bar loomed in the centre of the tabular array like a marble grave. Auntie Hannah laced her tea with rum, because it was merely one time a twelvemonth. Bringing out the tall narratives now that we told by the fire as the gaslight bubbled like a frogman. Ghosts whooed like bird of Minerva in the long darks when I dared non expression over my shoulder ; animate beings lurked in the pigeonhole under the stepss and the gas metre ticked. And I remember that we went singing carols one time, when there was nt the shave of a Moon to illume the winging streets. At the terminal of a long route was a thrust that led to a big house, and we stumbled up the darkness of the thrust that dark, each one of us afraid, each one keeping a rock in his manus in instance, and all of us excessively brave to state a word. The air current through the trees made noises as of old and unpleasant and possibly webfooted work forces wheezing in caves. We reached the black majority of the house. What shall we give them? Hark the Herald? No, Jack said, Good King Wencelas. I ll number three. One, two three, and we began to sing, our voices high and apparently distant in the snow-felted darkness round the house that was occupied by cipher we knew. We stood close together, near the dark door. Good King Wencelas looked out On the Feast of Stephen. . . And so a little, dry voice, like the voice of person who has non spoken for a long clip, joined our vocalizing: a little, dry, eggshell voice from the other side of the door: a little dry voice through the keyhole. And when we stopped running we were outdoors our house ; the forepart room was lovely ; balloons floated under the hot-water-bottle-gulping gas ; everything was good once more and shone over the town. Possibly it was a shade, Jim said. Possibly it was trolls, Dan said, who was ever reading. Let s travel in and see if there s any jelly left, Jack said. And we did that. Always on Christmas dark at that place was music. An uncle played the violin, a cousin American ginseng Cherry Ripe, and another uncle American ginseng Drake s Drum. It was really warm in the small house. Auntie Hannah, who had got on to the parsnip vino, sang a vocal about Bleeding Hearts and Death, and so another in which she said her bosom was like a Bird s Nest ; and so everybody laughed once more ; and so I went to bed. Looking through my sleeping room window, out into the moonshine and the ageless smoke-colored snow, I could see the visible radiations in the Windowss of all the other houses on our hill and hear the music lifting from them up the long, steady falling dark. I turned the gas down, I got into bed. I said some words to the stopping point and sanctum darkness, and so I slept.

Merit Award Application Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Merit Award Application - Scholarship Essay Example The National Society of Collegiate Scholars is the only honor’s society in the U.S. that recognizes outstanding academic achievement among first and second year students (Illinoisstate). The NSCS can serve as a launching point for a student’s future academic career by providing a wide array of opportunities for campus student involvement, community service and encouraging student members to become involved in their communities and become leaders in their communities. By becoming a member of the NSCS it demonstrates an individual’s drive for outstanding achievement and personal excellence. Being an active member provides the opportunity learn and grow professionally and personally by being able to share concepts, ideas and visions on how to improve our communities future through community involvement and developing our community and local economy. The scholarship opportunities are an additional benefit of joining the NSCS.

The western Way of War2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The western Way of War2 - Essay Example The technologies they used were adopted from the eastern countries. Hence most of the technologies were not Western innovations. Any new inventions were followed by almost all the other countries. Western countries were not ready to accept and follow the new technology. (Geoffrey 2005). They remained hesitant to experiment any sort of technology. Technology was not the only criteria that decide the success of war. Instead other factors like economic power and war plans were the important aspect that decides the war’s success. The next principle of Western way of war was to maintain proper discipline among the soldiers in the army. Discipline was given more prominence than religion. The soldiers were trained to co-operate and work as a team. The military was formed with the people who resided in the same area(book). The leaders for such military teams were the leaders from their area. During the sixteenth century rally were carried out to recruit people for the military. In countries like Greece the normal people like farmers were also a part of the military regimen. Though army people were more disciplined, it was not secured. Technology and discipline alone did not decide the fate of the war. The war had to possess a vision which helped them to fight against their enemy. Religious constraints were not the deciding factor and it did not interfere in the success of the war. Success was decided only when the enemy was totally defeated. (Geoffrey 2005).This was not practiced in the other countries. The main aims of this war were to collect people who were used as slaves. These slaves were used to procure goods from the harbor and to assist them in other local work. Most of the countries relied on discipline and technological aspects. Western countries differed from them in this principle. They had the ability to change and preserve the practices they have followed. Countries in the West had the power to adapt to these changes. This

The traditional engineering

The traditional engineering Introduction Traditional engineering relies mainly on a sequential procedure wherein the various tasks involved in the design and manufacturing of a product are performed in a pre defined and set order. This leads to certain drawbacks wherein there is a loss of flexibility in the entire process and this may also lead to severe alterations or even scrap in the later stages of the product development life cycle. Traditionally, the product design has been considered as a cycle of PDCA (plan-do-check-act). However, the advent of Concurrent engineering, which focuses on working interactively between the various processes in the product development, is relatively new. It is a relatively recent process which employs cross functional cooperation to facilitate the creation of products which are cheaper, better and have a reduced time to market. It is not an isolated concept and encompasses almost all the functions like engineering, designing, support, marketing, accounting, and others. Customer satisfaction is a key factor behind this method. The basic premise for concurrent engineering revolves around two concepts. The first is that the entire product life cycle needs to be taken into consideration in the initial stage of the cycle. This would include functionality, producitibility, assembly, testability, maintenance issues, environmental impact and finally disposal and recycling. The second concept talks about the concurrency of the various functions. This flexibility is of immense importance to the success of the process given the fact that it allows for error correction and redesigns to be incorporated in the early design phase without having an adverse effect on the costs, efforts and timelines of the project. In effect, this improves the productivity ,the product quality and offers substantial cost benefits. In a concurrent engineering process, there is no freezing of a particular task and so moving back is not a constraint. It allows design and analysis to take place at the same time and focuses on the collaboration between the teams. The teams are multidisciplinary in approach and composition and allow the employees flexibility to work collaboratively on the various aspects of the project through the life stage of the same. The need for Concurrent Engineering is especially high in todays world. Businesses must be able to react to the changing market needs rapidly, effectively and responsively. They must be able to reduce their time to market and adapt to the changing environments faster than competitors. Decisions must be made quickly and they must be done right the first time out. Corporations can no longer waste time repeating tasks, which increases the time it takes to bring new products to market. Therefore, concurrent engineering has emerged as way of bringing rapid solutions to product design and development process. Concurrent Engineering has many advantages and provides benefits such as a reduction in the product development time and the time to market, reduced design rework, reduced product development cost and improved integration in the teams through efficient and effective communications. There are many companies which employ the Concurrent Engineering techniques in the product development life cycle. These firms have shown a significant increase in overall quality, 30-40% reduction in project times and costs, and around 60-80% reductions in design changes after release. However, there also are times and situations wherein concurrent engineering is not preferred. Some of these can be as stated under: Concurrent engineering practices are not favoured in case of simple products or in cases where there is only an incremantal improvement in margin by the application of the technique. When implementing the Concurrent engineering involves major changes in the company culture and also leads to a significant administrative and/or communication overhead. These are the cases where it becomes difficult to implement the process in the teams. In such cases, unnecessarily and forciably applying these concepts may not yield advantages. Rather, it may prove to be an unsuccessful approach on the part of the management. This emphasises on the fact that it is very necessary to meet certain pre-requisite conditions in order for the concurrent engineering process to give the desired results. In absence of these, there may be confusions and inefficient product development. There are a few measures which companies may initially take in order to be successful with Concurrent Engineering, like Benchmarking: The company should keep a fair check of itself with respect to their best competitors Development of metrics: Proper metrics need to be developed to measure the various parameters to see if right course is being taken Identification of Potential Performance Improvements and Targets: This would help in the continuous improvement and reality check. Development of a clear Vision of the future environment: This would ensure that actions are taken while keeping in mind the long term goals of the organization and to figure out how does Concurrent Engineering fit into the picture. Getting top management support: This becomes very important as a lot depends upon the level of support and confidence shown by the top management for the implementation of a process in a company. Getting cross-functional endorsement: Integrated functionalities and concurrent processing lie at the core of the Concurrent Engineering. Unless there is an acceptance from all the departments and functional units, the chances of success are faint. Developing a clear Strategy to attain the envisioned environment: Without a clear formulation of strategy, it is very difficult to achieve the goals. Developing a detailed implementation plan: Success of Concurrent Engineering would also depend upon how clearly the implementation plan is made. History Concurrent Engineering has been known by various names over the years and across locations. It is known as the iterative development method (or Integrated Product Development, IPD) as it allows for the correction and alteration in the design and other processes through iterations. Continuous feedback mechanism is employed to discover any discrepancy or fault in the model. The rationale behind it is that the sooner the errors are identified, the lesser effort, time and cost is incurred to correct them. The term Simultaneous Engineering has been used since the decade of 1990s. It was based on the idea that the life cycle of the new product must fit in with the pre-existing product program lifecycles. It was in the December 1988 report The Role of Concurrent Engineering in Weapons System Acquisition by the Institute for Defense Analysis (IDA) that the term Concurrent Engineering was defined . This was an approach which was systematic in nature and focused on the integrated, concurrent design of products and their related processes. This approach is intended to cause the developers, from the outset, to consider all elements of the product life cycle from conception through disposal, including quality, cost, schedule, and user requirements. Need for Integrating Design with Other functions: In early designs and product development, there was a division of labour among individuals who specialized in various functions. There was little opportunity for interaction between the various departmants and functionalities which often lead to confusions and certain discrepancies between the work done. This at times led to customer dissatisfaction. With an increasing level of competition, the role of new manufacturing process and the need to reduce development lead time, concurrent engineering has become more popular. These justifications are discussed below. Increased Competition: This can be quoted as one justification for the rising popularity of concurrent engineering. With the increase in competition, there is all the more a need for competitive advantages and core competencies at firm levels to ensure meeting competition. Concurrent Engineering gives the firms a cost advantage apart from ensuring quality and efficiency in processes. New Production Methods: With the advent of technology, there are various new production methods which come into service. This makes it important to transfer and share the knowledge about this new service to the various functions and departments. This is necessary because this would ultimately have an impact on the resulting product design. This knowledge sharing would ensure that the various people involved in the product development are at the same platform when information about these processes is concerned. Therefore, the situation where new production processes are used will often be an important area for ensuring that design engineers work closely with production engineers. Concurrent Engineering can contribute its bit here. Lead Time: Shorter lead time or the time to market is a competitive advantage to the firms. Reduction in the lead time would decrease the length of the development process and would help bring the product to the market sooner. This would also decrease the inventory holding time and would therefore help in cost reduction (or cost advantage). By implementing the concurrent engineering process, the organization can achieve this advantage over the firms employing the traditional methods (sequential process). Process Concurrent engineeringis a workflow that relies on parallel processing by performing multiple tasks simultaneously instead of carrying out the various tasks in sequence as has been the traditional workflow. Concurrent engineering is not just related to engineering processes but rather focuses on the integrated and concurrent design of product and the related processes. This requires the clear identification and description of all the tasks and processes associated with the design, manufacturing, support and other functions by the developers. The developers need to consider the various elements of the product life cycle end to end, varying from the first stage i.e. conception of the product to the last stage i.e. disposal of the product. The various elements which shall be considered will include almost parameters which have an impact on the development of a product and the associated processes, such as quality, cost, scheduling and user requirement. It is worth noticing that the definition encompasses more than just the manufacturing and design of a product. It does not apply only to domains of engineering but is also widely used in the pharmaceutical, paint, food or sneaker industries. Concurrent Engineering is not limited to the products or goods. Even services can employ concurrent engineering for improvement in productivity and reduction in total time to market. Although this may not lead to reduction in number of employees or the work to be done, the adoption of concurrent engineering would lead to a faster lead time. In the services sector, the concurrent engineering concept applies to insurance sector, banking sector and others. The difference between the conventional product design approach (sometimes also called the waterfall model) and the concurrent product design approach (sometimes also called the simultaneous engineering approach) has been explained below with the help of a diagram. It is this deviation from the standard and traditional waterfall model (which employs and focuses on a pre defined sequence of processes and tasks) to the iterative and integrated development method of concurrent engineering, which is responsible for the huge success of this model. In the waterfall model, first of all, all requirements are gathered so as to facilitate clear definition of the problem at hand. This is both a time consuming and effort consuming task. Unless and until the data gathering is done (which in itself is a tedious task given the level of uncertainty associated with it and the dynamic nature of the information requirement), one cant proceed to the next level. This interdependency wastes a lot of time. Followed by this is the design phase wherein based on the requirements, the design of the product is to be agreed upon. The problem here is that in the absence of an option to move back and make changes to the design phase, at times, it becomes difficult to implement the design and subsequently the design may have to be heavily altered or even scrapped. The Concurrent Engineering is better in this case as being cyclic, all the aspects of the product life cycle has already been taken into consideration, thus allowing the design to take a more evolutionary approach. Then there are the implementation, verification and maintenance phases. All of these suffer from similar problems because of the inflexibility involved in the process. Concurrent Engineering overcomes many of these problems through the approach it employs. The cyclicity allows parallel processing and hence offers flexibility to the system as has been shown in the figure below. The various functions like planning, requirement gathering, analysis design, implementation, testing and evaluation are done simultaneously and hence the name simultaneous engineering. The implementation of concurrent engineering requires the combination of people, technology and business methods. It relies on cross-functional working and teamwork rather than the traditional bureaucratic and hierarchical organizations. Collaboration rather than individual effort is standard, and shared information is the key to success. The role of the leader is to supply the basic foundation and support for change, rather than to tell the other team members what to do. Training addressed at getting people to work together in teams plays an important role in the successful implementation of Concurrent Engineering. The Concurrent engineering process mainly focuses on three aspects, viz. people, process and technology. People are given a wider say, a sense of gratification and ownership of their work in the overall design process taking into account the collaborative nature of simultaneous engineering. The success of concurrent engineering depends to a vast extent on the effectiveness and the efficiency of the organizational teams formed. The three basic attributes which a CE team must have been enumerated as under: Ability to deal with inherent uncertainities associated with innovation A wide range of competencies varying from manufacturing to design to sales to financing Presence of professional knowledge worker The teams formed are Cross-functional team. The team is formed to work on a specific project, and stays together throughout the development of the product. The smaller teams comprise of 5 20 people and employ an efficient technical communication. For the implementation of larger projects, a network of teams is formed (a total of 100 to 1000 people). Larger projects are sliced into smaller projects and measures are taken to ensure the integration of separate pieces into a system solution. Presence of Liaison Personnel facilitates timely and proper transfer of information within the team. Apart from this, job rotation is also an inevitable component of the process. The team members are assigned temporarily or permanently outside of their accustomed functional specialty. This ensures the integration of various knowledge bases without making significant structural changes to the organization. There are certain product design methods in Concurrent Engineering: Design for Manufacturing (DFM): Herein, constraints are imposed by performance and functionality and consequently, the manufacturing information content of a product design is minimized. This deals with minimizing the total number of parts. Minimize the total number of parts, simplifying the design of the other parts and to promote standardization. Design for Quality: Care is taken to minimize the impact of variation i.e. tolerance is improved. Design for Cost: It is necessary to have an effective analysis of product and/or project costs based on the understanding of the various cost items involved. Design for Assembly (DFA) DFA aims at minimizing the cost incurred to assemble the product components. Design for Safety The designer must develop the habit of constantly evaluating the design for safety, considering not only the design itself but the personnel involved in fabricating the product, using the procedure, and in maintaining and repairing the product or system as well as the end user or purchaser. Developing the manufacturing processes as well as the maintenance and operating procedures early during the design process will assist in revealing safety problems at a time when corrective action can be taken at minimum cost. Design for Reliability To ensure successful performance over a given range of conditional range, specific environment. Apart from all these, the technology and tools also play an important role in the success of the Concurrent Engineering. Integrated Computer Analysis is used for modelling the steps required for the development of the manufactured product. Although the Concurrent Engineering Strategy does not necessarily reduce the amount of manpower required for a project, it does drastically reduce lead times and thus time to market. This has been illustrated in the diagram shown as under: The better the collaboration between the various phases, shorter is the time to market and higher is the efficiency. Basic Steps as identified through various studies Compare themselves to their best competitors (i.e. Benchmark) Develop metrics Identify potential performance improvements and targets Analyze the market and know your customers. Develop a clear vision of the future environment Get a strong commitment to from senior management. Get cross-functional endorsement Develop a clear strategy to attain the envisioned environment Get top management support Get cross-functional endorsement Develop a detailed implementation plan Collectively work on all parts of project. Reduce costs and time to market. Complete tasks in parallel. Advantages The practice of following concurrent engineering has numerous advantages such as: Helps in shortening the product development lead time Reducing product development costs associated with getting a product to market Improved Communication Increased efficiency and performance Higher reliability in the product development process. Reduced defect rates. Increased effectiveness in transferring technology Improved quality of resulting end products Increased positioning in a highly competitive world market Increased accuracy in predicting and meeting project plans, schedules, timelines, and budgets Employees require less time learning how to produce new or improved products Competitive Advantage and Increased Performances Lower implementation risks. Faster reaction time in responding to the rapidly changing market. Lower product and process design and development costs. Improved inventory control, scheduling and customer relations. It achieves this by various methods including but not limited to: Reducing the number of redesigns done by involving support groups from the start thus reducing the total number of iterations. Reduction is total cycle time help in reducing the overall product cost. As much work that can be done concurrently is done so instead of doing it sequentially. For this purpose teams from different functions are brought together. The use of Concurrent Engineering has resulted in savings and benefits which can be divided into three key areas: Cost Related Savings Manufacturing and Production Costs, Labor costs, Development and Construction Costs Quality Related Savings Defects and Nonconformance, Inspection, Productability and Testability Time Related Savings Development Time, Cycle Time, Lead time etc. Another advantage of Concurrent Engineering is that, while knowledge is being built up about the design of the product, additional knowledge is being acquired about the other aspects of its life-cycle. As the design progresses, the manufacturing expert will learn more about how to manufacture the product, and the packaging expert will know more about how to package it, etc. This accumulation of knowledge will help in speeding the product through the development process and get it out to the customer more quickly. These are not only benefits which the company experiences, but ultimately the end users or customers also reap the benefits by having a quality product which fits their needs and in many cases, costs them less to purchase. Therefore, concurrent engineering produces a profitable corporation and a satisfied consumer. Limitations Concurrent Engineering is not a quick fix for a companys problems and its not just a way to improve performance. Its a business strategy that addresses important company resources. The major objective this business strategy aims to achieve is improved product development performance. It is a long-term strategy, and it should be considered only by organizations willing to make up front investments and then wait several years for long-term benefits as it involves major organizational and cultural change. Some limitations: unwillingness to institutionalize Concurrent Engineering maintenance of traditional functional reward systems maintenance of traditional reporting lines no training in teamwork unrealistic schedules no changes in relationships with vendors a focus on computerization rather than process improvement Examples on application of the process We have covered a number of examples on application of Concurrent Engineering. An example of the use of Concurrent Engineering can be found in General Electrics Aircraft Engines Divisions approach for the development of the engine for the new F/A-18E/F. It used several collocated, multi-functional design and development teams to merge the design and manufacturing process. The teams achieved 20% to 60% reductions in design and procurement cycle times during the full-scale component tests which preceded full engine testing. Problems surfaced earlier and were dealt with more efficiently than they would have been with the traditional development process. Cycle times in the design and fabrication of some components have dropped from an estimated 22 weeks to 3 weeks. Another example concerns Boeings Ballistic Systems Division where Concurrent Engineering was used in 1988 to develop a mobile launcher for the MX missile and was able to reduce design time by 40% and cost by 10% in building the prototype. Polaroid Corp.s Captiva instant camera is also the result of a Concurrent Engineering approach, as a result of which Polaroid was able to make literally hundreds of working prototypes. Throughout the process, development was handled by cross-functional teams. Study 1 Developing CE model for Shipping Industry: Tribon Solutions The design and construction of a ship involves a high degree of concurrent engineering. To cater to such needs companies like Tribon Solutions develops, markets and supports CAD/CAM/CIM software solutions, with the mission of increasing overall efficiency in the maritime industry. Tribon uses a Product Information Model (PIM), which is the central repository and single source of information for designers, planners, administrators of material, manufacturing personnel, and others working on design and construction. Tribon began work on its API in 1995. Two different paths were considered at this stage: Either to publish directly the libraries used by Tribon, or to create a wrapper on top of existing code. The first approach would make all our functionality available to the user, but users would have to use the same development environment as Tribon Solutions, change compiler versions when Tribon Solutions did so, and so forth. This would have been an expensive and complex solution, only usable by the largest shipyards in the world, those that had their own large IT and development departments. The second approach was preferable, as long as a tool could be found or developed that covered most of the given criteria. Tribon already had a geometry macro language that was developed in-house, but to extend it to the desired level of functionality would have been costly to implement and maintain. The remaining option was to find a 3rd party solution that fulfilled the APIs needs. During investigation of options, Python was discovered quite early when a member of the development team read about Python in a computer magazine. After some initial experimentation there were really no other contenders. Python had it all. It was a beautiful programming language that was extensible, embeddable, platform independent, and had no license cost. When it came to incorporate Python into the Tribon software, They found the integration to be quite easy and problem-free, and it was achieved with very little effort. The result of this merger between Tribon and Python was named Tribon Vitesse, and the first version of Python used was 1.2. Today Tribon Solutions has customers that have, by utilizing the power of Tribon Vitesse, been able to reduce design time of certain complex ship structures from four weeks to two days, while improving overall quality. This enormous reduction in design time has been possible by automating more of the design, calculations, information search, and result checking. Study 2 Concurrent Design Facility: European Space Agency European Space Agency (ESA) also uses Concurrent Engineering for Integrated and faster product development. The Concurrent Engineering approach used by ESA is based on the following key elements: The system engineering process A multidisciplinary, product oriented team An information distribution and control environment Supporting tools and facilities. TheConcurrent Design Facility(CDF) is theEuropean Space Agencymain assessment center for futurespace missionsand industrial review. Located atESTEC,ESAs technical center inthe Netherlands, it has been operational since early 2000. As suggested by its name, the CDF usesconcurrent engineeringmethodology to perform effective, fast and cheap space mission studies. Equipped with state of the art network of computers, multimedia devices and software tools, the CDF allow team of experts to perform design studies during working sessions. Activities: The CDF is mainly in charge of performing the assessment studies of future missions for theEuropean Space Agency. These assessment studies are phase 0 or pre-phase A studies where the needs are identified and Mission Analysis is performed. Phase 0 allows the following: Identification and characterisation of the intended mission. Expression in terms of needs, expected performance and dependability and safety goals. Assessment of operating constraints, in particular as regards the physical and operational environment. Identification of possible system concepts, with emphasis on the degree of innovation and any critical aspect. Preliminary assessment of project management data (organisation, costs, schedules). In addition, the CDF often perform reviews of industrial contracts initiated byESA. The spacecraft design is based on mathematical models, which make use of custom software and linked spreadsheets. By this means, a consistent set of design parameters can be defined and exchanged throughout the study, and any changes which may have an impact on other disciplines can immediately be identified and collectively assessed. In this way, a number of design iterations can be performed, and different design options can easily be analysed and compared. CDF activities are conducted in sessions: plenary meetings in which representatives of all space engineering domains participate, from the early phases (requirement analysis) to the end of the design (costing). Even those disciplines that were traditionally involved at a later stage of the process are given the opportunity to participate from the beginning and to identify trends that might later invalidate the design. Facility: The CDF design room has been designed and equipped with all the relevant hardware and software tools, with the aim of creating an effective communication and data interchange environment among team members. The CDF facility contains: an array of design stations, each dedicated to a specific technical discipline data and application servers, providing on-line access to design data and tools a multimedia wall containing three large projector screens (One of them been aSMART Boardfor free hand drawing) video-conferencing equipment that enables concurrent engineering to be carried out in a distributed manner Concurrent Design ModelCDF-IDMwhich will be replaced in the near future by theOpen Concurrent Design Server Open Concurrent Design In the CDF and Path Ahead: ESAs Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) has successfully demonstrated the capability to use Space System Concurrent Engineering to overcome the communication gaps between the designer (who produces design information) and the user (who utilizes the design information) enhancing the in-house capability to perform feasibility studies in a very effective and interdisciplinary manner. Many candidate missions have taken advantage of the new capabilities offered by the CDF, reducing the pre-Phase A (preliminary design) study duration from several months to a few weeks while increasing design quality. This has been in part due to the use of the CDF-IDM, the integrated design model. The Open Concurrent Design Server (OCDS) is the next generation of the CDF design model. The CDF-IDM was built on an experimental basis and makes use of spreadsheet technology, both as data storage and as engineering tool. The OCDS on the other hand makes use of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) using web services, a centralised database and many client tools such as the OCDS Study Manager (OSM) and OCDS enabled spreadsheets. The growing interest of ESA partners, Industry and Academia in the ESA CDF core IDM, standardised data representation and exchange, and common design methodologies is one of the reasons that has motivated the creation of the Open Concurrent Design Serv

Halloween Night

It is 8:30 on Halloween night as I am walking down the long streets of Clinton hearing nothing but children screaming, cars beeping, and leaves crackling beneath my feet in the cold, fall night. I turn the corner and see college kids and parents laughing by the Tavern as they exit the building. Making my way down the street with my friends by my side, cars are zooming by us like a school of fish swimming to get away from sharks. All of a sudden the group of kids I am with get attacked with shaving cream by underclassmen that think they are funny. A police slows down as he passes us to see what all the commotion was.Realizing it was nothing he continues on his nightly route. Furious and startled we walk away slowly because we were not dressed for the occasion of what kids call â€Å"bombingâ€Å". Minutes passed and we decided to go trick-or-treating. Approaching a house with a long cobble stone driveway and bright yellow lights we finally reach our destination. Warm apple cider and fresh cinnamon donuts are passed out among all of the people. We make our way back to town passing little kids in a variety of different costumes. Also middle and high school students throwing eggs and attacking each other with shaving cream.Dodging all the action we walk on the opposite side of the street they are on so we don’t get hit. Arriving back into town we see teachers, parents, and kids we know. After a warm welcoming of hellos we decided to make our way back to our homes considering it was a school night and it was getting late. Streets were starting to become clear as people decided the Halloween night was over. Adults turned off their lights making it clear they were done handing out candy for the night. Clintons streets remained silent as Halloween night came to an end.

Football Essay

Have a skilled team put to gather to match other local teams of similar age and skill. (Competitive) Team WorkHard training, weekly with all team members will ensure good team skills which are compulsory in winning any tournament. I will make sure I am fully committed in training and coaching my team. Leading them to become a successful football team.Personal experience Secondary research (spectating other) Internet (YouTube, blogs, football magazines). The planned date for this to be completed is at least 1 week before local football tournament starts. This will give the team members, time to rest before they play their first match. Win a trophy with my football Team. Being competitiveThis is the last step and also my final goal for this business plan. I will Make sure my team wins all of their matches by playing specifically according to the other team’s weaknesses. This will require a lot of patience and extra hours of training.BBC Sport /advise offers some quick tips about football My own experience and secondary research.This goal should be completed after the last match which will be 2 weeks before footballs season ends. List the skills And explain how they are helpful When they will be helpful And why they are helpful.